Technical Insights: Electric Motors in Battery-Electric Trucks

While global decarbonization is picking up speed, battery electric trucks (e-trucks) are fast becoming critical components of logistics, freight transport, and sanitation across the globe. The traction motor is the heart of these heavy-duty vehicles and is a critical component and ultimately determines overall vehicle performance, energy efficiency, and operational reliability.

Motor Types Used for Electric Trucks

Electric trucks require a motor that can provide high torque, a high power density, thermal stability, and long-term durability. The main types of motors available are:

- Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM): Operate at high efficiencies, have fast dynamic response, compact design, and encompasses everything needed for urban distribution and a mid-duty truck platform.

- AC Induction Motors: Traditional proven technology based on a robust structure at a competitive cost. Applied in heavy-load long-distance transport, with excellent resistance to overload: typically used in multiple application types.

- In wheel Motors & Central Motors: In wheel motors afford improved transmission design, and reduced complexity on the drivetrain; central motors allow good integration for medium to heavy platforms.

Key Motor Account Metrics

- Rated Power & Peak Power: Indicates the truck's sustained and instantaneous capacity for acceleration;

- Rated Torque and Peak Torque: Important for vehicle launch force and climbing capability for heavy trucks;

- Efficiency Map: More area in the high-efficiency operating zone means less battery usage for longer delivery range;

- Thermal Management: Thermal stability in heavy-duty continuous operation;

- Reliability & Durability: e-motors must endure harsh conditions and extended operation.

Application Trends and Industry Examples

Major manufacturers like BYD, Dongfeng, Volvo, and Freightliner are all leveraging high-performance motor systems on their e-truck platforms. These motors extend the application of regenerative braking, fast charging, slope start assist functionality, and intelligent torque management.

Current trends involve increased energy efficiency, intelligent motor control, and integration with AI-based vehicle management systems. The use of lightweight parts and modular configurations is also becoming commonplace in many applications.

Conclusion

Electric motors are not just components - they are technology facilitators for the e-truck era. At Shandong Depuda Motor Co., Ltd, we focus on providing customized motor solutions for electric trucks to apply on various terrains and loading conditions. Get in touch today to discuss our motor solutions for commercial electric vehicle applications!